{"id":1264,"date":"2025-04-03T12:45:47","date_gmt":"2025-04-03T03:45:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/route-zero.com\/recruit\/route\/1264\/"},"modified":"2025-06-03T12:51:49","modified_gmt":"2025-06-03T03:51:49","slug":"1264","status":"publish","type":"route","link":"https:\/\/route-zero.com\/recruit\/route\/1264\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u4fdd\u5b58\u7248\u3011JPA vs JDBC\u2502Spring Boot\u3067\u306e\u5b9f\u52d9\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u3068\u5c0e\u5165\u5224\u65ad\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

JPA\u3068JDBC\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u300cSpring Boot\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u3092\u3069\u3046\u5b9f\u88c5\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3044\u3044\u306e\u304b\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u2026\u300d \u300cJPA\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3044\u308b\u3051\u3069\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u4f55\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u30a4\u30de\u30a4\u30c1\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u2026\u300d<\/p>\n

\u305d\u3093\u306a\u60a9\u307f\u3092\u62b1\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n

Spring Boot\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300cJPA\uff08Java Persistence API\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300cJDBC\uff08Java Database Connectivity\uff09\u300d\u306e2\u3064\u304c\u4e3b\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3084\u7528\u9014\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u305b\u305a\u306b\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3068\u3001\u5f8c\u304b\u3089\u4fdd\u5b88\u6027\u3084\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u3067\u82e6\u52b4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001JPA\u3068JDBC\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3001\u4f7f\u3044\u3069\u3053\u308d\u3001JOIN\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u3001nativeQuery\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96<\/strong>\u307e\u3067\u3092\u3001\u5b9f\u52d9\u76ee\u7dda\u3067\u4e01\u5be7\u306b\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u521d\u5fc3\u8005\u301c\u4e2d\u7d1a\u8005\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3067\u8ff7\u308f\u305a\u9078\u3079\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u30b4\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

JPA\u3068JDBC\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u3068\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3088\u3046<\/h2>\n

JPA\u3068\u306f\uff1f<\/h3>\n

JPA\u306f\u3001Java\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306aORM\uff08Object Relational Mapping\uff09\u4ed5\u69d8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3068DB\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u30921\u5bfe1\u3067\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001SQL\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u66f8\u304b\u305a\u306b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u64cd\u4f5c\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

@Entity<\/span>\r\npublic<\/span> class<\/span> User<\/span> <\/span>{\r\n    @Id<\/span>\r\n    private<\/span> Long id;\r\n\r\n    private<\/span> String name;\r\n\r\n    @ManyToOne<\/span>\r\n    @JoinColumn<\/span>(name = \"department_id\"<\/span>)\r\n    private<\/span> Department department;\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
User user = new<\/span> User();\r\nuser.setName(\"Taro\"<\/span>);\r\nuserRepository.save(user);<\/code><\/pre>\n
➡ JPA\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u5229\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
    SQL\u3092\u66f8\u304b\u305a\u306b\u958b\u767a\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u30e1\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u30f3\u30b9\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u8907\u96d1\u306a\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6271\u3044\u3084\u3059\u3044\uff08JOIN\u3082\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u5b9f\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    JPA\u3067\u306eJOIN\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9<\/h3>\n
    @Query<\/span>(\"SELECT u FROM User u JOIN u.department d WHERE d.name = :deptName\"<\/span>)\r\nList<User> findByDepartmentName(@Param<\/span>(\"deptName\"<\/span>) String<\/span> deptName);<\/code><\/pre>\n
    ➡ \u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u7d50\u5408\u3082JPQL\uff08Java Persistence Query Language\uff09\u3067\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u307e\u305f\u3001JOIN\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u308bList\u306e\u4e2d\u8eab\u306e\u578b\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u8907\u6570\u30a8\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u3067\u306fObject[]\u578b\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
    @Query<\/span>(\"SELECT u.name, d.name FROM User u JOIN u.department d\"<\/span>)\r\nList<Object<\/span>[]> findUserAndDepartmentNames();<\/code><\/pre>\n
    ➡ \u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001Object[0]\u306bUser\u540d\u3001Object[1]\u306bDepartment\u540d\u304c\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n
    nativeQuery\u306e\u6d3b\u7528<\/h3>\n
    JPA\u3067\u306f\u8907\u96d1\u306aSQL\u3084\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5834\u9762\u3067nativeQuery\u3092\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
    @Query<\/span>(value = \"SELECT * FROM users u WHERE u.created_at >= :date\"<\/span>, nativeQuery = true<\/span>)\r\nList<User> findUsersCreatedAfter<\/span>(@Param(\"date\"<\/span>)<\/span> LocalDate date)<\/span>;<\/code><\/pre>\n
    ➡ \u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044SQL\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001nativeQuery\u306f\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
    JDBC\u3068\u306f\uff1f<\/h3>\n
    JDBC\u306f\u3001Java\u6a19\u6e96\u306e\u4f4e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306aDB\u63a5\u7d9aAPI\u3067\u3059\u3002SQL\u3092\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u66f8\u304d\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u624b\u52d5\u3067\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
    Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();\r\nPreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(\"SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?\"<\/span>);\r\nps.setLong(1<\/span>, 1<\/span>);\r\nResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();\r\n\r\nwhile<\/span> (rs.next()) {\r\n    String<\/span> name = rs.getString(\"name\"<\/span>);\r\n    \/\/ ...<\/span>\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
    ➡ JDBC\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u5229\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n
    • \n
      \u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u9ad8\u3044<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      DB\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u7d30\u304b\u304f\u5236\u5fa1\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      \u30b7\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306a\u51e6\u7406\u306a\u3089\u5b9f\u88c5\u304c\u65e9\u3044<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      JDBC\u3067Bean\u306b\u8a70\u3081\u308b\u5b9f\u88c5\u4f8b<\/h3>\n
      JDBC\u3067\u306fSQL\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u3092JavaBean\u306b\u624b\u52d5\u3067\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
      \/\/ UserBean.java<\/span>\r\npublic<\/span> class<\/span> UserBean {\r\n    private<\/span> Long id;\r\n    private<\/span> String<\/span> name;\r\n    private<\/span> String<\/span> email;\r\n    \/\/ getter\/setter<\/span>\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \/\/ JDBC\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305fBean\u3078\u306e\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0<\/span>\r\nList<\/span><UserBean> users = new<\/span> ArrayList<>();\r\nConnection conn = dataSource.getConnection();\r\nPreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(\"SELECT id, name, email FROM users\"<\/span>);\r\nResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();\r\n\r\nwhile<\/span> (rs.next()) {\r\n    UserBean user = new<\/span> UserBean();\r\n    user.setId(rs.getLong(\"id\"<\/span>));\r\n    user.setName(rs.getString(\"name\"<\/span>));\r\n    user.setEmail(rs.getString(\"email\"<\/span>));\r\n    users.add(user);\r\n}\r\n\r\nreturn<\/span> users;<\/code><\/pre>\n
      ➡ \u9805\u76ee\u304c\u591a\u3044\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u3082\u3001\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u30d0\u30b0\u3092\u9632\u304e\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3082\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
      \n
      \u3042\u308a\u304c\u3061\u306a\u3064\u307e\u305a\u304d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u9078\u3073\u65b9\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96<\/h2>\n
      \u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u8aa4\u89e3\u2460\u300cJPA\u306f\u4e07\u80fd\u300d<\/h3>\n
      \u8aa4\u308a\uff1a<\/strong>\u300cJPA\u3092\u4f7f\u3048\u3070\u3069\u3093\u306a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u3082\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d<\/p>\n
      ➡ \u6b63\u89e3\uff1a<\/strong> JPA\u306f\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5927\u91cf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u51e6\u7406\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u306aSQL<\/strong>\u3067\u306f\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u843d\u3061\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
      \/\/ Before\uff08JPA\uff09<\/span>\r\nList<\/span><User> users = userRepository.findAll(); \/\/ \u5168\u4ef6\u53d6\u5f97\uff08\u975e\u52b9\u7387\uff09<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ After\uff08nativeQuery \u307e\u305f\u306f JDBC\uff09<\/span>\r\n@Query(value = \"SELECT id, name FROM users LIMIT 100\"<\/span>, nativeQuery = true<\/span>)\r\nList<\/span><Object[]> getLimitedUsers();<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u307e\u305f\u3001JOIN\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001N+1\u554f\u984c<\/strong>\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001fetch join\u306e\u6d3b\u7528\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
      N+1\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306f\uff1f<\/h3>\n
      \u30a8\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u969b\u306b\u3001\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u30a8\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u30921\u4ef6\u305a\u3064\u8ffd\u52a0\u3067\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u6570\u304c\u6025\u5897\u3059\u308b\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
      \/\/ N+1\u554f\u984c\u306e\u4f8b\uff08\u81ea\u52d5\u30671\u4ef6\u305a\u3064\u767a\u884c\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/span>\r\nList<\/span><User> users = userRepository.findAll();\r\nfor<\/span> (User u : users) {\r\n    System.out.println(u.getDepartment().getName());\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
      ➡ \u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001User\u306e\u6570\uff0b1\u4ef6\u306eSQL\u304c\u767a\u884c\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u8457\u3057\u304f\u60aa\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
      \/\/ \u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\uff1afetch join \u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u4e00\u62ec\u53d6\u5f97<\/span>\r\n@Query<\/span>(\"SELECT u FROM User u JOIN FETCH u.department\"<\/span>)\r\nList<User> findAllWithDepartments<\/span>()<\/span><\/span>;<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u8aa4\u89e3\u2461\u300cJDBC\u306f\u53e4\u3044\u30fb\u975e\u63a8\u5968\u300d<\/h3>\n
      \u8aa4\u308a\uff1a<\/strong>\u300cJDBC\u306f\u3082\u3046\u6642\u4ee3\u9045\u308c\u300d<\/p>\n
      ➡ \u6b63\u89e3\uff1a<\/strong> JDBC\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u3082\u5b9f\u52d9\u3067\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001JPA\u306e\u88cf\u5074\u3067\u3082\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/strong>\u3002\u7279\u306b\u30d0\u30c3\u30c1\u51e6\u7406\u3084\u30ec\u30ac\u30b7\u30fc\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3067\u306f\u91cd\u5b9d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
      \n
      \u5b9f\u52d9\u3067\u306e\u9078\u3073\u65b9\uff1a\u3053\u3093\u306a\u6642\u306f\u3069\u3063\u3061\uff1f<\/h3>\n
      \u3010JPA\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3079\u304d\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3011\r\n\u2517 \u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u6307\u5411\u3067\u958b\u767a\u3057\u305f\u3044\r\n\u2517 \u8907\u6570\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u304c\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\r\n\u2517 \u30e1\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u30f3\u30b9\u6027\u3092\u91cd\u8996\u3057\u305f\u3044\r\n\u2517 JOIN\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3044\r\n\r\n\u3010JDBC\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3079\u304d\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3011\r\n\u2517 SQL\u3092\u7d30\u304b\u304f\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3044\r\n\u2517 \u5927\u91cf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u30d0\u30eb\u30af\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3046\r\n\u2517 native<\/span> SQL\u3067\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u7d50\u5408\u30fb\u96c6\u8a08\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\r\n\u2517 \u51e6\u7406\u306e\u9ad8\u901f\u6027\u3092\u512a\u5148\u3057\u305f\u3044<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u307e\u305f\u3001\u4f75\u7528\u3059\u308b<\/strong>\u3053\u3068\u3082\u5b9f\u52d9\u3067\u306f\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n