{"id":6451,"date":"2026-06-15T10:07:15","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T01:07:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/route-zero.com\/recruit\/?post_type=route&#038;p=6451"},"modified":"2026-10-15T10:07:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T01:07:22","slug":"sql-lag-lead-window-functions","status":"publish","type":"route","link":"https:\/\/route-zero.com\/recruit\/route\/6451\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL\u306eLAG\u30fbLEAD\u3067\u524d\u5f8c\u884c\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>SQL\u3067\u300c\u524d\u306e\u884c\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u305f\u3044\u300d\u300c\u6b21\u306e\u4e88\u5b9a\u5024\u3082\u540c\u3058\u7d50\u679c\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u898b\u305f\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001LAG\u3068LEAD\u304c\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002LAG\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u3088\u308a\u524d\u3001LEAD\u306f\u5f8c\u306e\u884c\u306e\u5024\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u30c9\u30a6\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002\u81ea\u5df1\u7d50\u5408\u3092\u7d44\u307e\u305a\u306b\u524d\u56de\u5024\u30fb\u6b21\u56de\u5024\u3092\u5217\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e26\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u58f2\u4e0a\u306e\u524d\u65e5\u5dee\u3084\u30ed\u30b0\u306e\u524d\u56de\u6642\u523b\u306a\u3069\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3084\u3059\u304f\u66f8\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u3069\u306e\u884c\u3092\u524d\u5f8c\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3059\u304b\u3092OVER\u53e5\u306eORDER BY\u3067\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>LAG\u306f\u524d\u306e\u884c\u3001LEAD\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u884c\u3092\u53d6\u308b<\/h2>\n<pre><code>SELECT\r\n  sales_date,\r\n  amount,\r\n  LAG(amount) OVER (ORDER BY sales_date) AS previous_amount,\r\n  LEAD(amount) OVER (ORDER BY sales_date) AS next_amount\r\nFROM daily_sales\r\nORDER BY sales_date;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>LAG(amount)\u306f1\u884c\u524d\u306eamount\u3001LEAD(amount)\u306f1\u884c\u5f8c\u306eamount\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5148\u982d\u884c\u306b\u306f\u524d\u306e\u884c\u304c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081LAG\u306fNULL\u3001\u672b\u5c3e\u884c\u306b\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u884c\u304c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081LEAD\u306fNULL\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u7528\u8a9e\u89e3\u8aac\uff1a\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u30c9\u30a6\u95a2\u6570<\/strong><br \/>\u7d50\u679c\u884c\u3092\u96c6\u7d04\u3057\u30661\u884c\u306b\u6f70\u3055\u305a\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u884c\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308bSQL\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002LAG\u30fbLEAD\u306fOVER\u53e5\u3068\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr>\n<h2>\u524d\u56de\u3068\u306e\u5dee\u5206\u3092LAG\u3067\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b<\/h2>\n<p>\u524d\u65e5\u6bd4\u3084\u524d\u56de\u5024\u3068\u306e\u5dee\u3092\u51fa\u3059\u306a\u3089\u3001\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u524d\u884c\u306e\u5024\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u8a08\u7b97\u5f0f\u306b\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>SELECT\r\n  sales_date,\r\n  amount,\r\n  LAG(amount) OVER (ORDER BY sales_date) AS previous_amount,\r\n  amount - LAG(amount) OVER (ORDER BY sales_date) AS difference\r\nFROM daily_sales\r\nORDER BY sales_date;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6700\u521d\u306e\u884c\u3067\u306fprevious_amount\u304cNULL\u306a\u306e\u3067difference\u3082NULL\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u30020\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\u304b\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u5bfe\u8c61\u5916\u3068\u3059\u308b\u304b\u306f\u96c6\u8a08\u4ed5\u69d8\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u6c7a\u3081\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2>\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u5225\u30fb\u5546\u54c1\u5225\u306a\u3089PARTITION BY\u3067\u533a\u5207\u308b<\/h2>\n<p>\u8907\u6570\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306e\u30ed\u30b0\u3092\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u4e26\u3079\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001ORDER BY\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u5225\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306e\u884c\u3092\u300c\u524d\u306e\u884c\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u62fe\u3046\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3054\u3068\u306b\u524d\u5f8c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5206\u3051\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306fPARTITION BY\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>SELECT\r\n  user_id,\r\n  login_at,\r\n  LAG(login_at) OVER (\r\n    PARTITION BY user_id\r\n    ORDER BY login_at\r\n  ) AS previous_login_at\r\nFROM login_history\r\nORDER BY user_id, login_at;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u66f8\u304d\u65b9\u306a\u3089\u3001\u5404user_id\u306e\u4e2d\u3060\u3051\u3067\u524d\u56de\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5546\u54c1\u30fb\u5e97\u8217\u30fb\u6848\u4ef6\u306a\u3069\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u540c\u3058\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2>2\u884c\u524d\u3084\u7bc4\u56f2\u5916\u306e\u65e2\u5b9a\u5024\u3082\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/h2>\n<p>LAG\u3068LEAD\u306b\u306foffset\u3068default\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002offset\u30922\u306b\u3059\u308c\u30702\u884c\u524d\u30fb2\u884c\u5f8c\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u5148\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u304d\u306fdefault\u3092\u8fd4\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>SELECT\r\n  sales_date,\r\n  amount,\r\n  LAG(amount, 2, 0) OVER (ORDER BY sales_date) AS two_rows_before\r\nFROM daily_sales\r\nORDER BY sales_date;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u7bc4\u56f2\u5916\u30920\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u308b\u3068\u300c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u300c\u5024\u304c0\u300d\u3092\u540c\u3058\u610f\u5473\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u696d\u52d9\u4e0a\u306e\u610f\u5473\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u306a\u3089NULL\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6271\u3046\u307b\u3046\u304c\u5b89\u5168\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>ORDER BY\u306e\u6c7a\u3081\u65b9\u304c\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u5de6\u53f3\u3059\u308b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5217\u3092OVER\u53e5\u306eORDER BY\u3078\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u3058\u65e5\u6642\u3084\u540c\u3058\u9806\u4f4d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u9806\u5e8f\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5217\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<li>\u8868\u793a\u7528\u306eORDER BY\u3068\u3001LAG\u30fbLEAD\u306eOVER\u53e5\u5185ORDER BY\u306f\u5f79\u5272\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<li>NULL\u3092\u98db\u3070\u3059\u6319\u52d5\u306fDBMS\u3054\u3068\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5229\u7528DB\u306e\u516c\u5f0f\u4ed5\u69d8\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>LAG\u30fbLEAD\u306f\u300c\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306b\u4eca\u898b\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e00\u3064\u4e0a\u306e\u884c\u300d\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u3067\u9078\u3076\u306e\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002OVER\u53e5\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u305f\u4e26\u3073\u9806\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u524d\u5f8c\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002\u60f3\u5b9a\u5916\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3089\u3001\u307e\u305aORDER BY\u3068PARTITION BY\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u81ea\u5df1\u7d50\u5408\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u76ee\u7684<\/th>\n<th>LAG\u30fbLEAD<\/th>\n<th>\u81ea\u5df1\u7d50\u5408<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u540c\u3058\u7d50\u679c\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u30fb\u76f4\u5f8c\u3092\u53c2\u7167<\/td>\n<td>\u5411\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/td>\n<td>\u66f8\u3051\u308b\u304c\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2\u884c\u524d\u30fb2\u884c\u5f8c<\/td>\n<td>offset\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044<\/td>\n<td>\u7d50\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u8a2d\u8a08\u304c\u5fc5\u8981<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5225\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u7d50\u5408<\/td>\n<td>\u76ee\u7684\u5916<\/td>\n<td>JOIN\u304c\u9069\u5207<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u524d\u5f8c\u9806\u5e8f\u304c\u91cd\u8981<\/td>\n<td>OVER\u306eORDER BY\u3067\u660e\u793a<\/td>\n<td>\u7d50\u5408\u30ad\u30fc\u3068\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u8868\u73fe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u524d\u5f8c\u884c\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u306a\u3089LAG\u30fbLEAD\u304c\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u5225\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u306eJOIN\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7528\u9014\u3092\u6df7\u305c\u305a\u306b\u9078\u3076\u3068SQL\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3084\u3059\u304f\u4fdd\u3066\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308bSQL\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u30c9\u30a6\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b<\/h2>\n<p>\u884c\u756a\u53f7\u3092\u632f\u308b\u7528\u9014\u306fROW_NUMBER\u3001\u91cd\u8907\u884c\u304b\u30891\u4ef6\u3092\u9078\u3076\u7528\u9014\u306fDISTINCT\u30fbGROUP BY\u30fbROW_NUMBER\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u8a18\u4e8b\u304c\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u65e5\u4ed8\u5358\u4f4d\u306e\u96c6\u8a08\u3084\u671f\u9593\u8a08\u7b97\u306f\u65e5\u4ed8\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08ROW_NUMBER\u3067\u884c\u306b\u9023\u756a\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u300e<a href=\"https:\/\/route-zero.com\/recruit\/route\/1237\/\">MySQL\u306eROW_NUMBER()\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\uff5c\u6700\u65b0\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30921\u4ef6\u3060\u3051\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9<\/a>\u300f\u3092\u3054\u53c2\u7167\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u91cd\u8907\u9664\u5916\u3067ROW_NUMBER\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u308b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u300e<a href=\"https:\/\/route-zero.com\/recruit\/route\/1713\/\">SQL\u91cd\u8907\u9664\u5916\uff5cDISTINCT\u30fbGROUP BY\u30fbROW_NUMBER\u306e\u9055\u3044<\/a>\u300f\u3092\u3054\u53c2\u7167\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u65e5\u4ed8\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u96c6\u8a08\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u300e<a href=\"https:\/\/route-zero.com\/recruit\/route\/1786\/\">SQL\u65e5\u4ed8\u95a2\u6570\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\uff5c\u73fe\u5834\u3067\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u3068\u5931\u6557\u56de\u907f<\/a>\u300f\u3092\u3054\u53c2\u7167\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff09<\/p>\n<h2>\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u7591\u554f<\/h2>\n<h3>LAG\u3068LEAD\u306bORDER BY\u306f\u5fc5\u8981\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u3069\u306e\u884c\u3092\u524d\u30fb\u6b21\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3059\u304b\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001OVER\u53e5\u3067\u306f\u9806\u5e8f\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5229\u7528DB\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u8981\u4ef6\u3082\u516c\u5f0f\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6700\u521d\u306e\u884c\u3067LAG\u304cNULL\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u306f\u306a\u305c\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306e\u884c\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u3089default\u5f15\u6570\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001NULL\u30680\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6df7\u540c\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>LAG\u30fbLEAD\u306f\u81ea\u5df1\u7d50\u5408\u3088\u308a\u5fc5\u305a\u901f\u3044\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u6027\u80fd\u3092\u4e00\u5f8b\u306b\u306f\u65ad\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u524d\u5f8c\u884c\u3092\u8868\u3059\u610f\u56f3\u3068\u53ef\u8aad\u6027\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u3067\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b9f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u306f\u5b9f\u884c\u8a08\u753b\u3068\u8a08\u6e2c\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n<p>LAG\u306f\u524d\u306e\u884c\u3001LEAD\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u884c\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5dee\u5206\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u306f\u307e\u305aORDER BY\u3067\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u3001\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u5358\u4f4d\u306a\u3089PARTITION 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